Python 编译安装 Python的开发环境安装和配置非常的简单,如果是Linux系统则会默认集成安装了Python环境,Python的可执行文件被放在了/usr/local/bin目录下,库函数被安装在了/usr/local/python目录中,接下来我们将使用源码的方式来编译安装一下Python解释器.
1.首先安装gcc编译器,和Python的相关依赖包.
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc zlib zlib-devel openssl openssl-devel libffi-devel
Package gcc-4.8.5-36.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package zlib-1.2.7-18.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package zlib-devel-1.2.7-18.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:openssl-1.0.2k-16.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:openssl-devel-1.0.2k-16.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package libffi-devel-3.0.13-18.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y readline
[root@localhost ~]# wget [url]https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.0/Python-3.7.0.tgz[/url]
[root@localhost ~]# tar xvzf Python-3.7.0.tgz -C /usr/src/python3.7
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/Python-3.7.0/
[root@localhost ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3.7
[root@localhost ~]# make && make altinstall
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/include/python3.7/
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a ./* /usr/local/include/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/bin/
[root@localhost bin]# mv python python.old
[root@localhost bin]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python3.7 /usr/local/bin/python
[root@localhost bin]# rm -rf /usr/bin/python
[root@localhost bin]# cp /usr/local/bin/python3.7 /usr/bin/python
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/bin/yum
#!/usr/bin/python2.7 ←此处将python改成python2.7
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
#!/usr/bin/python2.7 ←此处将python改成python2.7
[root@localhost ~]# python
Python 3.7.0 (default, Apr 17 2018, 11:03:21)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> exit()
## Python 输入输出◆Input标准输入◆ python3中格式化输出默认接收的都视为字符串,如果需要数字则需要另外强制转换为int()转换为数字.
>>> name = input("请输入你的名字:")
请输入你的名字:lyshark
>>> print("Hello " + name)
Hello lyshark
>>> age = input("请输入你的年龄:")
请输入你的年龄:22
>>> type(age)
<class 'str'> #默认情况是字符串
>>> age1 = input("请输入你的年龄:")
>>> age1 = int(age1) #此处强制类型转换
>>> type(age1)
<class 'int'> #再次查询已变成整形
import getpass
# 将用户输入的内容赋值给 pwd 变量
pwd = getpass.getpass("请输入密码：")
请输入密码：
# 打印输入的内容
print(pwd)
>>> str="hello python"
>>> print(str)
hello python
>>> strHello="the length of (%s) is %d" %("hello world",len("hello world"))
>>> print(strHello)
the length of (hello world) is 11
>>> nHex=0x20
>>> print("十六进制=%x,十进制=%d,八进制=%o"%(nHex,nHex,nHex))
十六进制=20,十进制=32,八进制=40
>>> bin(155)
'0b10011011'
>>> import math
>>> print("PI=%F"%math.pi)
PI=3.141593
>>> print("PI=%10.2f"%math.pi)
PI= 3.14
>>> print("PI=%-10.2f"%math.pi)
PI=3.14
>>> print("%3s"%("lyshark"))
lyshark
>>> print("%3s"%("lyshark"))
lyshark
>>> print("%.*s"%(4,"lyshark"))
lysh
>>> print("%10.3s"%("lyshark"))
lys
>>> list=[1,2,3,4,5,"lyshark"]
>>> print(list)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 'lyshark']
>>>
>>> dic={1:"A",2:"b",3:"c"}
>>> print(dic)
{1: 'A', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'}
>>> for i in range(0,5):
... print(i,)
>>> format="%r %r %r %r"
>>> print(format%(1,2,3,4))
1 2 3 4
print('hello', end = " ")
print('world', end = "*")
print('!')
"""
输出结果是：
hello world*!
"""
>>> str1="hello"
>>> str2="lyshark"
>>> print(str1+str2)
hellolyshark
for i in range(1,10):
for m in range (1,i+1):
sum = i * m
if m < i:
print(m, '*', i, '=', sum ,end= ' ')
else:
print(m, '*', i, '=', sum)
## Python 模块概述 sys模块:
import sys
print(sys.argv)
root@localhost:~$ python test.py helo world
['test.py', 'helo', 'world'] #把执行脚本时传递的参数获取到了
>>> import os
>>> os.system("df -h") #调用系统命令
>>> result = os.system("df -h")
df: ‘/mnt/hgfs’: Protocol error
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 797M 9.4M 788M 2% /run
/dev/sda1 189G 10G 170G 6% /
>>> result = os.popen("df -h").read()
>>> print(result)
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev
tmpfs 797M 9.4M 788M 2% /run
/dev/sda1 189G 10G 170G 6% /
#!/usr/bin/env python
# python startup file
import sys
import readline
import rlcompleter
import atexit
import os
# tab completion
readline.parse_and_bind('tab: complete')
# history file
histfile = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.pythonhistory')
try:
readline.read_history_file(histfile)
except IOError:
pass
atexit.register(readline.write_history_file, histfile)
del os, histfile, readline, rlcompleter
>>> import tab
>>> import os
>>> os.
Display all 238 possibilities? (y or n)
os.EX_CANTCREAT os.fchdir(
os.EX_CONFIG os.fchmod(
os.EX_DATAERR os.fchown(
## Python 文件生成 Python 并非完全是解释性语言,它是有编译的,先把源码py文件编译成pyc或者pyo,然后由Python的虚拟机执行,相对于py文件来说,编译成pyc和pyo本质上和py没有太大区别,只是对于这个模块的加载速度提高了,并没有提高代码的执行速度,通常情况下不用主动去编译pyc文件,文档上说只要调用了import model那么model.py就会先编译成pyc然后加载.
当python程序运行时,编译的结果则是保存在位于内存中的PyCodeObject中,当Python程序运行结束时,Python解释器则将PyCodeObject写回到pyc文件中.
当python程序第二次运行时,首先程序会在硬盘中寻找pyc文件,如果找到,先对.pyc文件和.py文件的最近一次的修改时间进行判断,如果.pyc文件的修改时间晚于.py文件,说明.py文件中的源代码未修改过,则直接载入,否则就重复上面的过程.
所以我们应该这样来定位PyCodeObject和pyc文件,我们说pyc文件其实是PyCodeObject的一种持久化保存方式.
◆生成PY文件◆ 编译成pyc文件: 将我们写好的一个.py文件编译成.pyc文件.
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh
total 4.0K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 43 Jan 8 02:22 test.py
[root@localhost ~]# python -m test.py
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh
total 8.0K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 43 Jan 8 02:22 test.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 163 Jan 8 02:25 test.pyo
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh
total 4.0K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 43 Jan 8 02:22 test.py
[root@localhost ~]# python -O -m test.py
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh
total 8.0K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 43 Jan 8 02:22 test.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 163 Jan 8 02:25 test.pyo
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y python-pip
Package python2-pip-8.1.2-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@localhost ~]# pip install pyinstaller
Collecting pyinstaller
Downloading [url]https://files.pythonhosted.org/pyinstall[/url]
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh
total 4.0K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 43 Jan 8 02:22 test.py
[root@localhost ~]# pyinstaller -F ./test.py
44 INFO: PyInstaller: 3.4
44 INFO: Python: 2.7.5
44 INFO: Platform: Linux-3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64-x86_64-with-centos-7.5.1804-Core
44 INFO: wrote /root/test.spec
152 INFO: UPX is not available.
155 INFO: Extending PYTHONPATH with paths
......
[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh
total 8.0K
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 18 Jan 8 02:29 build
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 18 Jan 8 02:29 dist
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 43 Jan 8 02:22 test.py
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 786 Jan 8 02:29 test.spec
[root@localhost dist]# ls -lh
total 4.7M
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 4.6M Jan 8 02:29 test
[root@localhost dist]# ./test
hello world
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发表于 2020-5-26 13:27:14
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查看: 1350|
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